The Hyde Act 123 Agreement is a critical aspect of US-India relations, specifically regarding civilian nuclear cooperation. The Hyde Act itself, named after former US congressman Henry Hyde, was passed in 2006 and provides guidelines for nuclear cooperation between the US and other countries.

The 123 Agreement, also known as the US-India Civil Nuclear Agreement, was signed in 2008 between the US and India and allows for the transfer of nuclear materials and technology between the two countries. This agreement was significant as it ended India`s status as a nuclear pariah and allowed for civilian nuclear cooperation between the US and India.

The Hyde Act serves as a guideline for the 123 Agreement, specifically regarding certain aspects that must be met in order for the cooperation to be approved. These include ensuring that the transferred materials and technology are only used for civilian purposes, that India maintains its commitments to preventing nuclear proliferation, and that the US retains the right to suspend cooperation if India violates the guidelines.

Since the agreement`s signing, there have been debates and criticisms from those who believe it undermines nonproliferation efforts and gives India too much leeway. However, proponents argue that it strengthens US-India relations and helps India meet its growing energy needs while maintaining its commitment to nonproliferation.

Overall, the Hyde Act 123 Agreement remains a critical aspect of US-India relations and reinforces the importance of civilian nuclear cooperation between countries. Its guidelines ensure that cooperation is done in a responsible and safe manner while also fostering a closer relationship between the US and India.